Análise da infecção pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis em pessoas vivendo com HIV / Aids no Centro de Saúde N° 1. Brasília - Distrito Federal, entre 2011 e 2017

Abstract

People living with HIV / AIDS (PVHA) are vulnerable to various infections, including tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb); that’s why we need to identify and treat latent tuberculosis infection (ILTB) in this group early. There are some tests for the diagnosis of ILTB, such as the Tuberculin Test (PT), but it has limitations due to low specificity, especially in BCG-vaccinated individuals or in those infected with non-tuberculous mycobacteria species. Nowadays, another ILTB diagnostic test is being used, the interferon-gamma release (IGRA) assay which relies on the production of interferon gamma by T lymphocytes, in response to contact with Mtb . In this way, the study look for analyze ILTB in people living with HIV / AIDS in Centro de Saúde N ° 1, Brasília - Distrito Federal (DF), between 2011 and 2017. Method: This is a prospective and cross-sectional retrospective cohort study performed with a total sample of 99 PVHA, attended at the Centro de Saúde nº 01 of Brasília-DF. Datas that were analyzed: Sociodemographic ; Clinical and epidemiological data; History of BCG; TB contact from 2014; CD + 4 count and viral load; Results of PT; IGRA; Sputum culture and PCR; Indication of chemoprophylaxis; Duration of treatment and evolution of cases of those not treated with chemoprophylaxis. Data was stored in Excel 2010 Software and analyzed in SPSS version 20. Results: Of the 99 individuals, the male gender was predominant, in the age group between 40 and 49 years, income ≤ 6 minimum wages and ≥ 9 years of study. In addition, most were vaccinated with BCG and had a vaccine scar, with no previous history of TB contact. It had CD + 4 counts> 350 cells / mm3 and undetectable viral load. Ten people with ILTB, all cultures and PCR, were negative. None of the exposed and non-Mtb exposed people became ill with TB and those with ILTB positive started chemoprophylactic treatment. Conclusion: IGRA favored the early uptake of PLWI infected with Mtb, allowing the initiation of chemoprophylaxis. Finally, the research allowed a better understanding of the IGRA in PLWHA, also contributing to the Federal District's TB and HIV / AIDS surveillance programs.