Evidências científicas sobre o contato pele a pele imediato na primeira hora de vida: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Introduction: The immediate and continuous skin-to-skin contact between mother and newborn (NB) in its first hour of life was categorized by the World Health Organization (WHO) in a guide elaborated as a useful practice in attention to mother's health and the baby and that needs to be encouraged. Objective: To identify in published literature evidence on the skin-to-skin contact between mother and newborn in the first hour of life. Materials and methods: This is an integrative review of the studies published in the Portal of Periodicals CAPES, Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), in the Portuguese language and that were fully available for online reading in the period of October 2018 to April 2019. The descriptors used to search for the studies were: newborn, humanized delivery and mother-child relations. Results: After the search in the databases, 9 publications were found that obeyed the inclusion criteria and thus composed the sample. With the analysis of the studies obtained, five thematic categories emerged that were more focused by the authors, being: Category 1: Role of the health team in front of the contact implantation; Category 2: Benefits of skin-to-skin contact in the first hour of life; Category 3: Challenges for implementation of good childbirth care practice; Category 4: Normal versus Cesarean delivery; Category 5: Repercussions generated on the newborn when good practice is not performed. Conclusion: Skin-to-skin contact in the first hour of life generates benefits to the mother and the child in both emotional and physiological spheres, such as the establishment of the affective bond, normalization of physiological processes such as respiratory rate, heartbeat, transference of maternal flora to the child, and encouraging the initiation of breastfeeding in the first hour of the newborn's life. The low number of studies published on this subject was a deadlock found for the development of this research, and it is necessary to carry out further studies to deepen the discussion about the real benefits of the implantation of skin-to-skin contact between mother and infant - born in the first hour of life, as a routine in the care given to the mother and the baby.