Obesidade, sono e atividade física na infância: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Childhood obesity is a worldwide epidemic and a public health problem. Multiple factors contribute to this problem, including genetic, psychological, social, environmental, cultural, behavioral, lifestyle, eating habits, physical activity and sleep. Chronic noncommunicable diseases are strongly associated with the presence of obesity through cardiometabolic changes that impair health. Sleep is an important factor in this process, and its quality and duration are associated with processes of metabolic regulation that have effects on metabolism, eating behavior, cognitive and psychological aspects. These alterations increase the risk of obesity and chronic non-transmissible diseases in children, exposing them to early morbidities, impairing the quality of life and its development. The physical activity, through physiological mechanisms of thermoregulation and physiological fatigue present in its practice, is considered metabolic regulator for sleep by means of secretion of hormones involved in the sleep process, besides term regulation and physiological restoration. Physical activity contributes to improved body composition through increased energy expenditure and metabolic regulation that reduce obesity-related adiposity. The relationship between obesity, sleep and physical activity in childhood needs to be integrated, with physical activity having a regulatory role with potential circadian synchronization and metabolic alterations that can improve sleep quality and reduce adiposity, reducing the incidence of obesity and reducing losses associated.