A importância do tratamento fisioterapêutico respiratório no pós-operatório de cirurgia abdominal alta

Abstract

Upper abdominal surgery is all surgical incision located in the higher quadrant or in the hypocondriac and epigastric regions, and superior half of flanks and umbilical region of the abdominal compartment. It is known that occurs in peri and postoperative of this type of surgery, a respiratory muscle disfunction, that in the presence of risk factors, increases the possibility of appearance postoperative pulmonary complications; related to the increase of mortality and morbidity. Physiotherapy is important in the postoperative upper abdominal surgery, minimizing the evolution of pulmonary complications, through pulmonary reexpansive and desobstructive techniques. In this way, it was objectified to analyze the importance of chest physiotherapy, especially incentive spirometry and continuous positive airway pressure, in the postoperative pulmonary complications, as atelectasis and respiratory infections, in patients submitted to upper abdominal surgery. This research work presents a bibliographical revision about superficial abdominal anatomy; respiratory muscle disfunction, risk factors and postoperative pulmonary complications; besides verifying the importance of incentive spirometry and continuous positive airway pressure, as an efficient therapeutics to decrease the risks and evolution of the postoperative pulmonary complications.