Diagnóstico precoce na criança com autismo: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Childhood autism has been a subject closely observed in recent years, using nursing practices based on interventions that encompass families, a fundamental part for an early diagnosis. The aim of this study is to describe nursing practices / care in the early diagnosis of autism from a literature review, identifying which factors are related to the disease, its effects on child development and growth, and to describe the role of the family along with health professionals to identify autism in children early. For the elaboration of this study, the Integrative Review was adopted as method, where articles were searched using the descriptors "Autistic Disorder", "Early Diagnosis", "Autistic Disorder" and "Early Diagnosis". After the search, 29 articles were selected that answered the proposed objectives, thus forming the sample of the work. For the analysis, a summary table was prepared with the main information of the selected articles. After this analysis, the results and discussion were divided into three categories, where category 1 referred to factors related to early diagnosis of autism in children, making up 29% of the sample, revealing that early diagnosis is often related to family perception in the child's behavior, social relationship, speech difficulty and identifying studies that show the likelihood of younger siblings developing the disorder. Category 2, referring to the main approaches to the diagnosis of autism, comprised 27% of the sample, highlighting in their studies behavioral changes and family responsibility to identify such behaviors. Finally, category 3, composed of 44% of the sample, described the causes of late diagnosis in children with autism, highlighting the barriers to early identification, indicating that the behavioral characteristics that define autism are usually not identified in the first year of childhood. life. In the end, it was possible to verify that nursing, together with family support, has a prominent role in the early diagnosis of autism in children, and can return their actions to enable family members to know how to deal with the child who has the disorder.