O treinamento de força associado a uma dieta equilibrada previne ou reduz a sarcopenia induzida pelo envelhecimento: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Throughout human technological developments, discoveries such as antibiotics, vaccines and the development of drugs that control numerous diseases such as diabetes mellitus type II, hypertension, among others, contributed significantly to the increase in human life expectancy mainly in developed and emerging countries. There is no doubt that the world population is in progressive state of aging. However, the quality of life of modern man, in the face of physical inactivity and poor eating habits, has been less than optimal and such facts corroborate a number of physiological imbalances which, in turn, contribute significantly to the physical weakness as a result of senile processes as in the aging-induced sarcopenia. The mechanism of regulation of the functional units of the muscle cells is a biological process that when exacerbated by multifactorial processes (obesity, oxidative stress, excessive mechanical stress, etc.), is called sarcopenia (from the Greek, "flesh of poverty"), its processes can begin from the age of 20 and are enhanced at 50 with significant losses of 2% per year, affecting the muscle fibers type I and II. These degenerative processes progressively worsen with the advancing age, making them even more potent with poor living habits such as sedentary lifestyle and inadequate diet. The evidence of loss of muscle strength, called dynapenia (dyna = force, penia = loss), is paralleled by the onset and evolution of sarcopenia. Several studies have demonstrated the role of force exertion in modulating the mechanisms that induce this degenerative process. On the other hand, the role of adequate diet also influences, in a significant way, the perfect maintenance of cellular metabolic homeostasis. Based on the academic content in question, the present literature review promotes the analysis of such academic evidences corroborating with the intention of adding benefits that support the real need of the association of the balanced diet and moderate and chronic resistance exercises in the promotion of control and Prevention of age-induced sarcopenia. The methodology used consisted of the use of about 40 academic articles corresponding to the period of the last ten years, with Pub Med and Google Scholar as electronic research sources. As inclusion criterion were used academic studies published in the last 10 years and that excluded other comorbidities that were not associated to the proposed theme. As an exclusion criterion, there were no articles that did not mention research with statistical analyzes or evaluation tests.