A importância da pressão positiva no tratamento de pacientes em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardiaca

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the effects and benefits provided by positive pressure as a resource in treatment for patients after cardiac surgery, update the knowledge of this therapeutic method and compare the NIV with other physiotherapy techniques and methods also indicated for these patients. Methodology: The articles in this literature review were selected from the search between the months of April and June 2012, the following databases: Medline, Lilacs, SciELO, BIREME, Portal Journals Caps. We used the following key words: "non-invasive ventilation after cardiac surgery," "Heart Surgery" and / or "physical therapy in post cardiac surgery." Results: A positive pressure ventilation has been used after surgery in order to reduce airway resistance and lung elastance, improving respiratory mechanics. The positive pressure feature reveals effective in improving lung compliance, increasing rate of gas exchange, and also capable of reopening collapsed alveoli, preventing and reversing respiratory failure. In view of the deep breath, respiratory positive pressure boosters, this provides the best rates of return integrity lung when compared with these other techniques mentioned. Conclusion: The NIV has been shown more effective recovery of pulmonary function, FVC, FEV1 PaO2 and SpO2, with best results when using two pressure levels, and is characterized as a major tool for physical therapy to help patients after cardiac surgery. Despite the proven beneficial effects, time of use and protocols used in cardiac surgery are still under study and discussion and need to be deepened further.