Políticas ambientais e segurança energética chinesa no século XXI: implicações para a mitigação da mudança climática atrelada a transição para energias renováveis

Abstract

The structures of international regimes and the historical context of nations exert influence on the processes of formulating environmental policies over the years and continue to be remodeled according to the new demands presented by climate change in the 20th century, it is considered extremely important to analyze the standards of environmental policies in China, which is simultaneously the largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in the world and the largest consumer of energy, in addition to being one of the countries that suffers most from the consequences of climate change today. Furthermore, given the recent scenario of increasing oscillations in the international system related to political tensions, China needs to strategically position itself to reduce the risks of energy shortages in the region, in addition, it seeks to explore the intrinsic relationship between Chinese energy security and environmental policies exercised by the country, from which, given the circumstances, it is not plausible to try to separate the two themes. In this way, it is important to analyze the patterns of environmental policies in China from the country's participation in environmental agreements that mark the international climate change regime, specifically the Kyoto Protocol (1997) and the Paris Agreement (2015) and what role to China has been playing in this time frame. So the comparison of China's participation in the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement are vastly different, since at the end of the Kyoto Regime China starts to play a strategic role in the scope of climate change, that is, the actions undertaken by China has an important weight, and in light of this, China has become committed to mitigating CO2 emissions and executing the energy transition in order to achieve carbon neutrality. Therefore, in an integrated manner with the mechanisms of the Paris Agreement China has committed to comply with the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets, and to carry out the energy transition in the country through action plans designed with the exclusive aim of achieving self-imposed goals.