Economia chinesa: modelos econômicos e uma análise pós pandemia

Abstract

After the period known as the "Century of Humiliation" in China (1839-1949), marked by a series of defeats for the country, including the Opium Wars (1839-1842; 1856-1885) and the fall of the Qing Dynasty (1911), China managed to rise again with the establishment of the People's Republic of China and the leadership of Mao Zedong (GEROMEL, 2019). The objective of this study was to analyze the different economic periods of modern China, starting from the period of Mao Zedong (1949-1960) to the economic era of Xi Jinping (2013). The first chapter focused on what I propose to call the "paving of the Chinese system," addressing the period of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping, and how these leaders developed China, which was undergoing a late industrialization process, taking into consideration the Chinese model. The Chinese model consisted of a Socialist Economy, in which the Chinese Communist Party used Marxism as its foundation, while ensuring the country's development through democratic centralism. The second chapter discussed the contemporary economies of the early 1990s, with emphasis on China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, the recovery of Hong Kong, and China's approach to the 2008 economic crisis. The chapter concluded with Xi Jinping's ideas about the Belt and Road Initiative and some positions regarding the Covid-19 pandemic. Finally, an analysis was made of the global impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, the actions taken by China to control the pandemic, and a brief overview of the hegemonic relations between China and the United States. This study employed the method of literature review. Keywords: China; pandemic; Chinese economy.