A influência do retorno ao trabalho no desmame precoce: revisão integrativa

Abstract

In Brazil, breastfeeding exclusively for six months has implications for women's insertion into the job market, since Brazilian labor legislation guarantees their leave for up to 4 months. The situation of women in the informal market is even more precarious, as they do not enjoy labor rights, and need to be better informed. Studies that investigate the relationship between work and breastfeeding point to the relationship between the absence of maternity leave and the abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding. Objectives: to identify the factors that influence early weaning when breastfeeding women return to work, based on the literature. Method: Article searches were carried out in the Virtual Health Library, Pubmed CAPES Portal and SCIELO. According to suitability for the topic, an initial selection was made by title and, subsequently, by reading the abstracts. The articles read in full were selected for final review, according to the inclusion criteria: scientific articles that are related to the incidence of early weaning in women returning to work. All types of articles were used, such as: documentary article, systematic review, narrative review, integrative review, among others. Results: The following factors were found for discontinuing breastfeeding after returning to work: lack of support from the institution; decreased production of breast milk; unhealthy work environment; low level of education; informal work; early food introduction by family members; lack of acceptance/understanding by colleagues. Furthermore, there are factors that help maintain breastfeeding after returning to work: maternity leave; breastfeeding support room; late return; flexible schedules; participation in government programs to support breastfeeding during prenatal care; family support network; live close to work; daytime working hours only; previous breastfeeding experience. CONCLUSIONS: The present study contributed to the understanding of the influences of the return to work of working mothers on early weaning, pointing out that the most recurrent factors are the lack of support from the institution, the decrease in breast milk production, the unhealthy work environment, the level of education low level, informal work, early food introduction by family members and lack of acceptance/understanding by colleagues.