Tripolaridade cibernética: a evolução do ciberpoder de EUA, China e Rússia

Abstract

This study investigates how cyberspace, which includes the internet and interconnected electronic devices, is used by countries to expand their global influence. The research distinguishes between cyberspace and the internet and highlights the importance of these technologies today. It considers technology as a power factor that can create inequalities and challenges. Using a descriptive, exploratory, the analysis is based on primary and secondary data, including the Cyber Power Index from Harvard's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Divided into three chapters, the research contextualizes the emergence of new technologies, explores concepts of cyber politics and power in cyberspace, and analyzes the current multipolar configuration among the United States, China, and Russia. It concludes that cyberspace allows states to extend their influence and resolve disputes, with connectivity facilitating the exercise of cyber power, even for individuals. The lack of investment in technology exacerbates inequalities in influence capacity. The data reveal that some on superpower countries stand out in specific areas, such as Financial Capacity. The current configuration of cyber power is multipolar, with the United States, China, and Russia as the main powers, with the United States being the largest, despite ongoing challenges. Russia, in particular, has surpassed the United Kingdom in terms of cyber power.