Inteligência artificial e políticas de defesa no século XXI: transformações nas doutrinas militares e na segurança internacional

Abstract

This monograph analyzes how artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping defense policies in the 21st century, given that this technology is advancing at a pace that exceeds the state's ability to understand, regulate, and balance its impacts on the global stage. Using a qualitative and descriptive approach, it investigates how emerging technologies, such as autonomous systems, drones, and cyber operations based on cognitive automation, are transforming the dynamics of power, sovereignty, and international security. The study presents the evolutionary trajectory of AI in parallel with industrial revolutions and changes in defense doctrines, highlighting the transition from traditional strategies to policies enabled by intelligent systems. The theoretical analysis is based on realism and securitization theory, comparing the process of AI adoption in different states and their national strategies. It also examines how the integration of this technology into weapons development is driving a new technological arms race and raising ethical dilemmas that challenge current global governance mechanisms. Finally, practical cases of AI application in contemporary conflicts, such as those between Russia and Ukraine and Israel and Hamas, are evaluated, consolidating it as a central vector of current military strategies. However, the study allows us to situate this intelligence as a structuring element of contemporary dynamics in International Relations.