O lobby do Greenpeace e a construção de políticas ambientais na União Europeia: o caso do Óleo de Palma (2008-2015)

Abstract

This monograph will study the influence of the lobby of the International Nongovernmental Organization (INGO), Greenpeace, on the construction of environmental policies in the European Union. More specifically, this research will deal with the relationship between the organization's campaigns for the sustainability of the palm oil production chain for the European market and the development of environmental policies in the European Parliament and the European Commission. This performance of Greenpeace was based on the perception that the extraction of palm oil has caused damage to the environment of its producing countries (Malaysia and Indonesia), such as deforestation, emission of polluting gases and deaths of orangutans (an exclusive species from the Indonesian and Malay fauna). With that being said, this INGO developed campaigns that publicized the brands that used nonsustainable palm oil in their products. In this perspective, this paper will describe the campaigns against Ferrero and Nestlé between 2008 and 2015, as well as their results in the European Union in two instances: mandatory labeling and the inclusion of the criteria of sustainability in renewable energy policy.